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By Michael W.P. Ball Open framed motors for the majority of Brass Steam Locomotives and many Diesels still are in use since post World War II. They were a main stay to power the locomotive. These motors were all produced in Japan except for the Pitman Motor which was produced in the United States. About thirty five years ago the industry began changing over to the Can Motor. The Can Motor was introduced in new locomotives to be sold to the hobbyist. It wasn’t until a few years later that the hobbyist could buy the Can Motor for personal use. Why the sudden change to the Can Motor? What reason for such a major overhaul? The following is a presentation of the reasons for those changes and the advantages as well. The open frame motor was a nightmare to keep running. There were several reasons for this. 1. The brushes and armature are exposed to the atmosphere. This allows dust particles which are charged to accumulate on the armature and adhere to the brushes. This alone can cause major problems electrically. It takes more power to turn the motor due to resistance and debris build up. That is it creates a resistance which bogs done the motor. 2. The accumulation of static charged particles deposited on the two brushes becomes an inhibitor to the rotation of the armature and grinds it down making the motor useless. These particles also can cause scaring on the armature which can make the motor useless. 3. The open frame motor requires lubrication at each end of the motor where the bearings are located. The manufacturers would place a pad around the motor shaft next to the bearings. Here is where you would lubricate the motor. The problem is that these pads would get old and shrink thus eliminating the lubrication process. 4. The best thing to do is tear down the motor and rebuild/replace the vital components except the armature. This can be a difficult process and very time consuming. It doesn’t mean the motor is going to run any better. Open frame motors when left standing for any length of time, accumulate debris and generally won’t run. The Can Motor eliminated all of these problems and is far more sensitive to electrical input than the open framed motor. It was almost impossible running an open frame motor at low speeds where the Can Motor is best suited operationally. The open frame motor is not really adaptable to the new DCC operations. This is the opposite for the Can Motor as it is suited for running of locomotives which have the DCC decoders on board. The Can Motors are smaller than the open frame motors which made it easier for the hobbyist to install the new motor. Joy Ball has been involved in the restoration and maintenance of a variety of Brass Model Locomotives. Through her years of expertise, Mrs. Ball has perfected the art of train restoration often spending countless hours preserving vintage Brass Locomotives to running condition of even the newest Brass Model Replicas. It should be noted that the above article was written by Joys husband Michael Ball. Receive her free newsletter at http://www.brasslocomotiveworks.com. Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Michael_W.P._Ball http://EzineArticles.com/?The-World-of-HO-Open-Framed-Motors&id=167983 money lenders in singapore personal loans coffs harbour instant approval no credit check loan is project payday a scam

By [http://ezinearticles.com/?expert=Sandra_Wilkins] Sandra Wilkins The use of prescription drugs is often overlooked as a major factor that contributes to nutritional deficiencies. Typically, the focus is placed on diet and perhaps some lifestyle issues, but many are unaware that the medications they use are possibly creating additional health problems that may not become apparent for a long time. Drug-induced nutrient depletion is a health threat that is not acknowledged by the majority of health care practitioners and its not because of a lack of information about the subject, because many studies have been published that document the drug-induced depletion of nutrients. Nutritional deficiencies do not become obvious quickly. A marginal nutrient deficiency, referred to as a “subclinical deficiency,” indicates a deficiency of a particular vitamin or mineral that is not severe enough to produce a classic deficiency sign or symptom. In many instances the only clue of a subclinical nutrient deficiency may be fatigue, lethargy, difficulty in concentration, a lack of well-being, or other vague symptoms.Deficiency-related health problems may never be diagnosed, and the patient may end up taking additional medications for complaints that are really the bodys signal for nutrition therapy. Drugs can deplete nutrients by decreasing their absorption, or by hindering the way nutrients are transformed by the body. They can also affect the storage of nutrients or the way the body excretes the end products of the metabolism of nutrients. The key to preventing this kind of deficiency is to know what vitamin or mineral can be affected by the drug prescribed to the patient. If the drug will be used for a lengthy period of time the patient should simply increase intakes of the specified nutrient for the duration of the use of the drug. This simple step will help prevent deficiency-related health problems and help improve the chances of achieving the desired health outcomes for patients. Some examples of nutrient depletion are as follows: Antacids deplete calcium and phosphorus Antibiotics deplete B vitamins (all of them), intestinal flora and Vitamin K Antidiabetics deplete Coenzyme Q10 Anti-inflammatories deplete Vitamin C, folic acid, potassium and iron Cholesterol-lowering drugs deplete Coenzyme Q10 Cardiovascular drugs deplete calcium, folic acid and zinc Ace Inhibitors deplete zinc Beta-Blockers deplete Coenzyme Q10 and melatonin Sandra Wilkins, D.T. has extensive experience in natural health and clinical nutrition. As a Dietetic Technician Sandra works with hospital staff dietitians, performing patient nutrition assessments,food and drug interaction education, and patient diet education. In a different capacity she providesnutritional counseling for patients, by appointment, for an established family practice comprised of physicians who incorporate the use of supplements into the protocols established for their patients. She also conducts seminarsfor the practice,covering topics such as women’s health, weight management, information on supplementation, and the effects of nutrition on health. Her background includes 12 years experiencein the natural health arena, where she continues to provide nutrition and wellness counseling. She has a strong foundation in natural health practices and product knowledge. Her combined natural health and clinical nutritional experience makes her uniquely qualified to help clients pursue their goals. [http://www.justwhatthedoctorordered.com] http://www.justwhatthedoctorordered.com Article Source: [http://ezinearticles.com/?expert=Sandra_Wilkins ] http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Sandra_Wilkins [http://ezinearticles.com/?Prescription-Drugs-Can-Lead-to-Vitamin-and-Mineral-Deficiencies&id=69854 ] http://EzineArticles.com/?Prescription-Drugs-Can-Lead-to-Vitamin-and-Mineral-Deficiencies&id=69854 dc bad credit loan magnum cash loans christmas no fax cash advance unsecured loan and default

By Ken Marlborough The term “girlfriend” has various meanings in different contexts, regions and communities. Sometimes, the term literally means a friend of the female gender. The plural form of the term is used to describe a group of female friends, while the singular is used to denote close friends of the female gender. Depending on the age of the person using the term, it is possible the term has no romantic connotations. For example, a seven-year-old boy can have a number of girlfriends, without any notions of “breakup,” “ex-girlfriend,” and so on. However, during adolescence and beyond, depending on the gender of the person using the term, “girlfriend” can even employed to indicate a fiance or wife. In general, however, the term denotes an intimate relationship between two people of different or similar genders. The term has no legal implications, and being girlfriend-and-boyfriend is only considered to be a casual relationship between two consenting adults. Broadly, there can be two types of girlfriends. Some are the temporary friends, who make do for “arm candy” or company at a social function. The purpose of this type of relationship is simply to be seen together; the two might not even know each other. The other kind of girlfriend is the candidate for eventual life companion. Having a girlfriend is sometimes considered to be the most important aspect of a man’s life. As a result, a preponderance of the products and commodities one sees today are buoyed around the incessant need of a person to have intimate relations with the other gender - whether the brand is projected towards men, women, boys, or girls. Some products even go so far as to blatantly advertise themselves as the single most important vehicle in the search for girlfriends. Whether having a girlfriend in today’s metrosexual lifestyle is as important as it was in the ’80s and ’90s is not clear, but it is proven that when a person does have a girlfriend, the condition has a psychological effect. This is because, depending on the compatibility of the two, a girlfriend may eventually become a wife. A girlfriend can have a positive or negative effect on ones social life. Some girlfriends are supportive and adaptive to the various ups and downs in the lives of their boyfriends, whereas some girlfriends can levy a stultifying effect on their boyfriends lives. Girlfriends provides detailed information about girlfriends, finding girlfriends, gifts for girlfriends, and more. Girlfriends is affiliated with Relationships. Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Ken_Marlborough http://EzineArticles.com/?Girlfriends&id=119876 instant no credit check personal loan free secured personal loans with bad credit unsecured sba loans bad credit direct personal loan lenders no middle man

By Steve Bishop In an age where educating children is becoming more and more expensive, relief for both students and parents comes in the form of scholarships. Graduate fellowships and undergraduate scholarships are types of aid that help students pay for their education. Scholarships and fellowships, unlike student loans, do not need to be repaid. In usual circumstances, scholarships are granted to students who are exceptionally brilliant in their studies, or in the field of athletics or art. However, from time to time, colleges and other private sponsors of scholarships set up scholarships with mysterious eligibility requirements. These have come to be known as the unusual scholarships for students, an example being a scholarship for left-handed students. The Frederick and Mary F. Beckley Scholarship of up to $1,000 is the only scholarship for left-handed students. This scholarship is awarded to left-handed students who will be either attending or already enrolled at the Juniata College. Though very few in numbers, they do manage to attract a lot of attention due to the slightly offbeat nature of the scholarship. Unusual scholarships allow a student the chance to explore a wide variety of skills, interests, characteristics and talents that could make him/her eligible for a scholarship. Scholarships in the unusual category range from grants for accordion players, asthma patients, amateur radio operators, bird watchers, bicyclists, blind students, boy scouts and girl scouts, bowlers, cartoon experts, children of veterans, choral singers, cheerleaders, debaters, entrepreneurs, farmers, French speakers, Gospel musicians, grandchildren of alumni, Huguenot descendants, never married students, overweight students, etc. This list just gives a glimpse at some of the categories, while in actual, there are much more of such unusual scholarship requirements, new ones are also being added on a regular basis. Another unusual scholarship is the Duck Brand Duct Tape Stuck at Prom Contest.This contest, open to students who are US citizens, of 14 years of age or older, and who are attending a high school prom in the spring, requires the couple to wear a complete attire or accessories made from duct tape. The main prize for the contest includes a $2,500 scholarship for each member along with a $2,500 cash prize to the school that hosted the prom. Meanwhile, to win the $7,500 Scholar Athlete Milk Mustache of the Year (SAMMY) Award, open to graduating high school senior scholar athletes, candidates need to excel in academics, athletic performance, along with leadership and community service. The Students for Organ Donation Youth Leadership Award, which awards two scholarships of $500 to $1,000 each, is available to undergraduate college students or high school students who commit to raise awareness about organ donation and transplantation. Similarly, there are many such kinds of obscure scholarships which aid students in carrying on with their higher education. While some people might ridicule the nature of these scholarships and awards, it is worth-a-while to take note of how many students benefit from such esoteric financial aid schemes every year. Click Here To Discover more About Weird & Oddball Scholarships Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Steve_Bishop http://EzineArticles.com/?More-Unusual-Scholarships-for-Students&id=180307 no money down car loans for people with terrible credit short term loans for people who have filed bankruptcy collateral loan poor credit kansas bad credit car loan

By Jhon Kary The dependent visa is a non-immigrant dependent visa for dependents of F-1 visa or student visaholders. A spouse and unmarried, minor children may also apply for anon-immigrant visa to accompany the student. Family members must meet all visa eligibility requirements, including evidence that the student will have sufficient funds for the studies as well as supporting the dependents. They must also present convincing evidence that the dependents will depart the country when the student’s program ends. Spouses and children of students may not accept employment at any time, but they are allowed to study in the country using the dependent visas. The spouse and children may either come with the student or come later to that country on dependents visa status. Dependents should go with the student to the embassy or consulate where they apply for the student visa.It is also possible to apply later for the F-2 visa or dependent visabased on the F-1 visa or student visa status. It is always better to apply together for the student and dependents visas so that all the documents can be verified at one time. The student must establish his or her relationship with the dependents by showing documents such as birth or marriage certificates. If the student’s spouse or children are following to join at a later date, then he or she should provide the U.S. embassy staff with a copy of the USCIS Form I-20 ID(Certificate of Eligibility for Non-immigrant (F-1) Student Status - for academic and Language Students) and proof of their relationship with the student. The F-2 or dependent status will be dependent upon the status as theF-1 or student visa. This means that any change in the student’s status will affect his or her dependent. If the student loses his or her status, then all of the dependents will also lose their status. The spouse and minor children of participants in J exchange programs may apply for J-2 visas to accompany the student by presenting a copy of the student’s form DS-2019. They must demonstrate that they will have sufficient financial resources to cover all expenses while in the U.S. Jhon Kary Read more about Visa Application Guide - Study Abroad Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Jhon_Kary http://EzineArticles.com/?Dependents-Visa&id=450682 cash advances with savings accounts bad credit home loan personal loan bad credit free sample paycheck stub

By Stephen N. A guy recently emailed me a GREAT question that stumps everyone I meet. It has to do with a simple challenge, but one that most of you would love to handle better. Lets hear what he has to say: Stephen, First of all, thanks for all of your solid advice over the years. I am a huge fan of yours, and Mike too. Your dating and fashion advice are number one, as far as I am concerned. Recently, I have improved a lot of my dating woes and am meeting lots of women. However, when it comes time to go for the phone number, I get all tongue-tied and confused. Help me out man! What is the best way to ask for her phone number? Thanks a lot! Owen Los Angeles, CA Good question Owen, and thanks for writing us. So, let me guess, you spotted her in the mall, you approached her, you have had a great conversation, but you feel clueless when it is time to take it to the next level and get her phone number? Yep, that problem is common Lots of guys get hung up when it comes time to close the deal. They dont know what to say, so often they wont say anything and just split! How many times have I heard women exclaim, Why didnt he ask for my number? I would have given it to him in a heartbeat!! The best way to get her number is, of course, to ask her. If she is into you, it wont matter how you ask her she wont care! However, if you want a solid script to use, which helps you feel prepared here is the best one yet: I have to run, and so do you, but I would love to continue this some other time what is your number? I know, I knowit couldnt be that easy But guess what IT IS. Thats really it guys! You graciously tell her that you have to leave, and you let her know that you also realize that she has to go too. Also, by exiting, you indicate to her that you are a busy guy and dont have all day to chat. Then, you set it up as a continuation of what has already been started. People are less likely to feel uncomfortable continuing something (unless she doesnt feel comfortable around you) than they are starting something completely anew. If you dont get her number with this script, something is wrong with your presentation or conversational skills. Or, maybe shes just having a bad day In any event keep it simple, and just be sure to ask. And remember, if she likes you, it wont matter how you say it. So, be sure to be playful, humorous, build a little intrigue, reveal some interesting facts about yourselfcover the basics. Otherwise, use this to your hearts content. Unlike some of my friends, I wont even charge you royalties to use it! Stephen Nash Cutting Edge Image Consulting http://www.ceimageconsulting.com Stephen Nash of Cutting Edge Image Consulting (CEIC) is author of the book How to Get A Girlfriend: The Seven Essential Skills for Attracting the Woman of Your Dreams and Natural Attraction, 7 CD Audio course on image enhancement and dating for men. Learn how to become a man that’s magnetically attractive to women of exceptional quality and how to build positive and healthy relationships through charisma and self-image enhancement. Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Stephen_N. http://EzineArticles.com/?The-BEST-Way-to-Get-a-Womans-Phone-Number&id=246575 payday loans victoria bc payday loans cash advances toledo christmas cash advance now fast secured loan uk

By Craig Ballantyne Tom Venuto is an NSCA-certified strength and conditioning specialist, lifetime natural bodybuilder, freelance writer, and personal coach. Today, I interview Tom about how we can get more fat loss results in less training time. Craig B.: Tom, youve written about the “Risk to benefit ratios of extreme and controversial fat loss techniques. Have your thoughts changed on any of the rankings since you wrote that article? Tom Venuto: That article pretty much sums up my current thoughts about fat loss. The article looked at techniques for fat loss that are controversial, like not eating for 2-3 hours before going to bed or not eating carbs after a certain time of day, or doing early morning cardio on an empty stomach. Some experts recommend these methods; others strongly recommend avoiding them. Some say they work well; others say they dont work at all. The main message I wanted to get across is that when you generalize by saying things like, This technique is good, that technique is bad, or never do this, always do that, youre limiting yourself. I believe in the philosophy that the person who has the most flexibility and the most choices is the person with the most power to get results and to break past barriers (which unfortunately, are often self-imposed by all or none thinking). Instead of making generalizations, I prefer to approach training and nutrition from the viewpoint of personalization and risks versus benefits. If you think about it, all exercise has risks. Squatting has risks. Running has risks. Competing in sports has risks. You cant avoid risks. Heck, being alive has risks! The idea is to manage risks, not to try and eliminate them. Take fasted cardio in the morning for example. Are there risks in using this technique in an attempt to accelerate fat loss? Yes, absolutely. Cortisol is higher in the morning, so you are more catabolic and you might lose muscle. Does that mean there are no benefits and you should never use this technique? Not necessarily. Does doing cardio on an empty stomach guarantee youre going to lose muscle? No, it only increases the possibility. Yet many trainers, strength coaches, athletes and bodybuilders approach techniques like these with Its good or Its bad with no shades of grey in between. The truth is, the value of each technique depends very much on the context. I remember reading something Charles Poliquin wrote about how ridiculous it was to think about his manly men athletes (as he called them), such as a 6 foot 5 inch 250 pound hockey player, doing any kind of conventional aerobics. That makes complete sense to me - in that context. If the athlete shows up after the off season carrying some undesired body fat, that weight can easily be shed with strength training and nutrition. Combine that with energy expended from practice time and no aerobics are necessary. But does that mean All aerobics are bad or Cardio is completely worthless. Well, again, it depends on the context. Bad or worthless when? How much? How intense? What kind? Under what circumstances? And for whom? Are we talking about a 55 year old sedentary woman with 35% body fat, an elite shot putter or a bodybuilder six weeks out from a competition? I think these rigid all or none beliefs get formed gradually over a whole lifetime of experiences. We tend to collect our own personal biases and carry them along with us I know I had to overcome my pure bodybuilder mentality and develop more flexibility in my approaches in order to really serve my non-bodybuilder clients the best. I specialize in fat loss including nutrition, exercise and the psychological/emotional aspects - and my personal interest is bodybuilding. I dont train people for sports, so I dont have the perspective that most strength coaches do. Similarly, I imagine that many top strength coaches have developed an anti-cardio bias from their experience working with power, speed and strength athletes who have always been told that aerobics kills your strength, and perhaps they generalize their beliefs to apply to everyone. Bottom line and the whole point of my article was that there are no absolutes, everything is context dependent. CB: You rank fasted cardio in the morning as a high risk, high benefit activity for fat loss. Is this something that you use yourself or with clients? TV: Because its high risk, its not necessarily a fat loss technique I recommend for everyone all the time. But Im not afraid to use it and I believe it has benefits that can outweigh the risks, depending on the circumstances. I usually do fasted cardio in the morning about 8-12 weeks before a competition. But it depends on my weekly results. If Im losing fat quickly and easily, I dont need to use any high-risk techniques. Sometimes Ill still do cardio in the morning, because I like doing it then, but Ill have a whey protein drink or even a whole meal shortly beforehand. I like to have an enormous amount of flexibility in my approach. If theres a plateau in fat loss, I want to be able to dig into my bag of tricks and have a lot of stuff in there to pull out when I need it. If you only have one way and you get stuck, you have a problem. I dont like rigid formulas. I like freedom to choose my approach according to how things are going. Craig Ballantyne is a Certified Strength & Conditioning Specialist and writes for Men’s Fitness, Maximum Fitness, Muscle and Fitness Hers, and Oxygen magazines. 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